Predicting Cognitive Performance Based on Personality Traits with the Mediating Role of Meaning in Life among Older Adults

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits in predicting cognitive performance among older adults, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of meaning in life. This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of adults aged 60 years and older residing in Tehran in 2025. A total of 146 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire developed by Steger et al., and the Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire developed by Nejati et al. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, linear regression, and structural equation modeling. The SEM results indicated an acceptable model fit (CFI=0.97, GFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.042, SRMR=0.045). Personality traits demonstrated a significant direct effect on cognitive performance (β=0.45). Meaning in life was positively associated with cognitive performance (r=0.58, p<0.001), and its direct effect on cognitive performance was 0.81. Regression analyses revealed that agreeableness positively predicted cognitive performance (β=0.305), whereas neuroticism negatively predicted cognitive performance (β=-0.376). Furthermore, agreeableness significantly predicted meaning in life (β=0.819). The findings also supported the significant mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between personality traits and cognitive performance among older adults. Personality traits and meaning in life are important psychological determinants of cognitive functioning in later life. Older adults with more adaptive personality characteristics and a stronger sense of meaning in life tend to exhibit better cognitive performance. Interventions aimed at enhancing meaning in life and fostering positive personality characteristics may contribute to the preservation and promotion of cognitive health in aging populations.