An Analysis of Self-Concept and Self-Identity in Women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Causes and Consequences

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) profoundly impacts an individual’s self-concept and identity. When this perception conflicts with the individual's social reality, it can lead to psychological tension and behavioral problems. This study aims to analyze how women with OCD perceive and interpret their own self-concept and identity, and to develop a paradigmatic model outlining the underlying factors, influential conditions, and consequences of these perceptions. The research employed a systematic grounded theory approach. Theoretical sampling was conducted until data saturation was reached, with 15 women diagnosed with OCD participating in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding, resulting in the identification of 172 characteristics/indicators, 36 subcategories, and 6 overarching categories, which were then organized into a paradigmatic model. This model comprises: causal conditions (emotional-cognitive and interactive disturbances stemming from the disorder); a core category (instability of the authentic self and a lack of definition resulting from being trapped in a cycle of helplessness); coping strategies (active and passive); intervening conditions (social, economic, familial, and relational factors); context (multifaceted biological, interactive, and structural conditions); and consequences (entrapment within the cycle of the disorder and a sense of aversion). The resulting model provides a comprehensive reflection of how women with OCD understand and experience the disorder, as well as its impact on their self-concept and identity.