Comparing the Efficacy of Compassion-Based Therapy and Schema Therapy Focused on Modes on Body Image Satisfaction and Resilience in Individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Abstract

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of compassion-based therapy and schema therapy focused on modes on body image satisfaction and resilience in individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of university students diagnosed with GAD at Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch (2024–2025 academic year). Forty-five participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (n=15 each): compassion-based therapy, schema therapy focused on modes, and control. Both interventions were delivered in eight group sessions. Instruments included the Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests in SPSS-26. Results revealed significant main effects of time, group, and time×group interaction on body image satisfaction (p<0.001). Compassion-based therapy demonstrated greater effectiveness in improving body image satisfaction compared to schema therapy. Regarding resilience, significant time and time×group interaction effects were observed (p<0.001). Both interventions significantly outperformed the control group; however, schema therapy focused on modes produced larger and more stable improvements in resilience. Compassion-based therapy appears more effective for enhancing body image satisfaction, whereas schema therapy focused on modes yields stronger and more enduring effects on resilience among individuals with GAD.