Exploring the Dimensions and Components of Psychological Well‑Being and Ill‑Being Among Retired Nurses in Isfahan (A Qualitative Study)

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to understand the lived experiences of retired nurses regarding the dimensions and components of psychological well‑being and ill‑being. This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach. A criterion‑based purposive sampling method was employed, and data were collected through semi‑structured interviews. Data were gathered through interviews with 19 retired nurses. Data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis. To ensure the credibility of the research, the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) were applied. The analysis of the interviews yielded five overarching themes, 14 main themes, and 14 subthemes. The results indicated that their retirement experiences can be explained through five key themes encompassing various dimensions of well‑being and ill‑being. Financial instability emerged as the most prominent factor of ill‑being, with emphasis on the inadequacy of pension income and the pressures caused by inflation, playing a decisive role in reducing feelings of security and life satisfaction. In contrast, some participants considered retirement an opportunity to experience autonomy, freedom, and personal life management, and they reported high levels of psychological satisfaction. Emotional challenges, such as feelings of meaninglessness and mild depression—particularly following separation from the professional role—were among the other significant findings, indicating a weakening sense of purpose in life. Additionally, reduced social interactions and distancing from former colleagues were identified as manifestations of social ill‑being. At the same time, some individuals had taken steps toward enhancing psychological well‑being by employing coping strategies such as reemployment, volunteer activities, or engaging in new hobbies. Declining physical health and age‑related limitations also affected quality of life, and dissatisfaction with insurance services and systemic constraints were identified as factors contributing to structural ill‑being. Overall, the findings suggest that the experience of retirement among nurses is a multidimensional phenomenon that may simultaneously involve elements of both well‑being and ill‑being and is shaped by the interaction of individual, social, and structural factors.